Mapping a National Security Failure: Ratification of the New START Treaty

Ben Lerner October 30, 2011
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Endnotes

 

[1] “Remarks by Vice President Biden” 45th Munich Conference on Security Policy (7 Feb. 2009), https://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/RemarksbyVicePresidentBidenat45thMunichConferenceonSecurityPolicy/ (accessed July 1, 2011).

[2] Dodge, Catherine; Runningen, Roger. “Bush Presses NATO on Expansion, Assures Russia on Missile Plan.” Bloomberg, Apr 1, 2008. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=21070001&sid=aM4Qi0FCLoH4  (accessed July 15, 2011); Mankoff, Jeffrey. “The Tricky U.S.-Russia ‘Reset’ Button.” Council on Foreign Relations, Feb 18,2009. https://www.cfr.org/grand-strategy/tricky-us-russia-reset-button/p18551 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[3] Watt, Holly. “Bush Praises Georgia and Condemns Russia.” Washington Post, Aug 21, 2008. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/20/AR2008082002190.html?sid=ST2008081800038 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[4] Medvedev, Dmitry A.. “Russia’s President on Building Russia-U.S. Bonds.” Washington Post, Mar 31, 2009. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/30/AR2009033002443.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[5] Mankoff, Jeffrey. Op cit

[6] Ibid.

[7] Colvin, Ross; Bohan, Caren. “Obama seeks Russian help on Iran but denies deal.” Reuters, Mar 4, 2009. https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/04/us-usa-russia-idUSN0348931520090304 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[8] Office of the Press Secretary, “U.S.-Russia Relations: ‘Reset’ Fact Sheet.” The White House, June 24, 2010. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/us-russia-relations-reset-fact-sheet (accessed July 15, 2011).

[9] Ibid.

[10] Staff Writers, “US-Russia ties at stake with START vote: diplomat.” Space Daily, Sept 14, 2010. https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/US-Russia_ties_at_stake_with_START_vote_diplomat_999.html  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[11] Schultz, George P.; Perry, William J.; Kissinger, Henry A.; Nunn, Sam “A World Free of Nuclear Weapons.” Friends Committee on National Legislation, Feb 2, 2011. https://fcnl.org/issues/nuclear/world_free_of_nuclear_weapons/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[12] The Economist, “Nuclear endgame: The growing appeal of zero.” June 16, 2011. https://www.economist.com/node/18836134?story_id=18836134  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[13] Schultz, George P.; Perry, William J.; Kissinger, Henry A.; Nunn, Sam “Toward a Nuclear-Free World.” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Jan 15, 2008. https://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17884/toward_a_nuclearfree_world.html  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[14] Obama, Barack. “Remarks By President Barack Obama In Prague As Delivered.” Apr 5, 2009. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-President-Barack-Obama-In-Prague-As-Delivered/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[15] Kerry, John. “It’s About Time We Got START .” Foreign Policy, Sept 16, 2010. https://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/09/16/its_about_time_we_got_start (accessed July 15, 2011).

[16] Rogin, Josh. “What are the consequences if START ratification fails?.” Foreign Policy, July 19, 2010. https://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/07/19/what_are_the_consequences_if_start_ratification_fails  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[17] Woolf, Amy F. “The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions.” Congressional Research Service, May 3, 2010. https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/142356.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). P. ii.

[18] Ibid,  p. 1.

[19] Ibid., p. 13

[20] Payne, Keith P. “Evaluating the U.S.-Russia Nuclear Deal.” The Wall Street Journal, Apr 8, 2010. https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303720604575169532920779888.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[21] The New START Working Group, “An Independent Assessment of New START.” The Heritage Foundation, Apr 30, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/04/An-Independent-Assessment-of-New-START-Treaty  (accessed July 15, 2011). P. 2.

[22] RIA Novosti, “Russian president approves new military doctrine.” GlobalSecurity, May 2, 2010. https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/russia/2010/russia-100205-rianovosti01.htm (accessed July 15, 2011).

[23] Thayer, Bradley A.; Skypek, Thomas M. “The Perilous Future of U.S. Strategic Forces” The Journal of International Security Affairs (Spring 2009), https://www.securityaffairs.org/issues/2009/16/thayer&skypek.php  (accessed July 15, 2011). See also Bolton, John R.. “A Treaty for Utopia.” National Review, May 3, 2010. https://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/229564 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[24] New START Working Group, “An Independent Assessment of New START.” The Heritage Foundation, Apr 30, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/04/An-Independent-Assessment-of-New-START-Treaty  (accessed July 15, 2011). p.4.

[25] U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, Committee on Armed Services, “Hearing to Receive Testimony on Strategic Forces Programs in Review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2010 and the Future Years Defense Program.” June 3, 2009. https://armed-services.senate.gov/Transcripts/2009/06%20June/09-39%20-%206-3-09.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 12

[26] Perry & Schlesinger et al., “America’s Strategic Posture.” United States Institute of Peace , 2009. https://www.usip.org/files/America’s_Strategic_Posture_Auth_Ed.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 12.

[27] Ibid. p. 21

[28] Ibid. p. 67

[29] Payne, Keith P. “New START: From Russia with Glee.” National Review, June 13, 2011. https://www.nationalreview.com/articles/269264/new-start-russia-glee-keith-b-payne (accessed July 15, 2011); Payne, Keith P. “Evaluating the U.S.-Russia Nuclear Deal.” The Wall Street Journal, Apr 8, 2010. https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303720604575169532920779888.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[30] Bolton, John R. “A Treaty for Utopia.” National Review, May 3, 2010. https://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/229564 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[31] U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, Committee on Armed Services, “Hearing to Receive Testimony on the New START and Implications for National Security”, June 17 2010. https://armed-services.senate.gov/Transcripts/2010/06%20June/10-54%20-%206-17-10.pdf (accessed Sept. 26, 2011). p. 34

[32] Department of State, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, “a Rebuttal to Sen. Kit Bond’s November 18, 2010 Floor Speech in the U.S. Senate on the New START Treaty”, Nov. 24 2010. https://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/151981.htm (accessed Sept. 26, 2011).

[33] The White House, “Joint Statement by Dmitry A. Medvedev, President of the Russian Federation, and Barack Obama, President of the United States of America, Regarding Negotiations on Further Reductions in Strategic Offensive Arms.” Apr 1, 2009. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Joint-Statement-by-Dmitriy-A-Medvedev-and-Barack-Obama/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[34] Harding, Luke, Borger, Julian. “U.S. and Russia agree nuclear disarmament road map.” The Guardian, July 6, 2009. https://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jul/06/obama-medvedev-nuclear-weapons-disarmament/print  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[35] Baker, Peter. “White House Scraps Bush’s Approach to Missile Shield.” New York Times, Sept 17, 2009. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/18/world/europe/18shield.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[36] Gertz, Bill. “Inside the Ring.” Dec 17, 2009. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/dec/17/inside-the-ring-54103825/print/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[37] Ibid.

[38] Spring, Baker. “New START: Critical Limits on U.S. Missile Defense Options Persist.” Heritage Foundation, Nov 10, 2010. https://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2010/pdf/wm3056.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011).

[39] Kyl, Jon, McCain, John, Lieberman, Joseph “Letter to Gen. James L. Jones.” Foreign Policy, Feb 17, 2010 https://www.foreignpolicy.com/files/fp_uploaded_images/20100217_letter_to_jones_start_fo_missile_defense.pdf (accessed Oct. 26, 2011)

[40] Groves, Steven. “President Obama Should Give the Senate Access to the Negotiating History of New START.” Heritage Foundation June 24, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/06/president-obama-should-give-the-senate-access-to-the-negotiating-history-of-new-start (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 5.

[41] President of Russia, “Statement by the Russian Federation on Missile Defense.” Apr 8, 2010. https://eng.news.kremlin.ru/ref_notes/4 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[42] U.S. Department of State, “Statement by the United States of America Concerning Missile Defense.” Apr 7, 2010. https://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/140184.htm (accessed July 15, 2011).

[43] U.S. Department of State, “Ballistic Missile Defense and New START Treaty.” Apr 21, 2010. https://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/140624.htm (accessed July 15, 2011).

[44] Korbe, Tina. “New START Chief Negotiator: Senate does not need negotiating record.” Washington Examiner, Dec 9, 2010. https://washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/opinion-zone/2010/12/new-start-chief-negotiator-senate-doesn-t-need-negotiating-record (accessed July 15, 2011).

[45] Spring, Baker. “START the Senate Treaty Analysis .” Heritage Foundation, May 13, 2010. https://blog.heritage.org/2010/05/13/start-the-senate-treaty-analysis/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[46] Gertz, Bill. “Inside the Ring.” Washington Times, Dec 17, 2009. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/dec/17/inside-the-ring-54103825/print/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[47] STRATCOMM Commanders, “STRATCOMM Commanders’ Letter to Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations Committees.” July 14, 2010. https://armscontrolcenter.org/assets/pdfs/NewStartTreatyLETTER.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011).

[48] Interfax, “State Duma Committee approves amendment to bill on START.” Jan 12, 2011. https://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=199076 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[49] The Center for Security Policy, “Bipartisan group of 15 former Senators urge Reid, McConnell to postpone deliberations on New START Treaty.” Nov 15, 2010. /p18577.xml (accessed July 15, 2011).

[50] Baker, Peter. “GOP Opposition Dims Hope for Arms Treaty with Russia.” New York Times, Nov 16, 2010. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/world/europe/17start.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[51] Rogin, Josh. “Incoming GOP senators demand say on New START.” Foreign Policy, Nov 18, 2010. https://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/11/18/incoming_gop_senators_demand_say_on_new_start  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[52] Lake , Eli. “GOP senator cites new intel, won’t back New START.” Washington Times, Nov 22, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/nov/22/gop-senator-cites-new-intel-wont-back-new-start/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[53] Kyl, Jon, Corker, Bob. “Memo on Modernization for Republican Congress.” Nov 24, 2010. https://www.armscontrol.org/system/files/20101124%20-%20Kyl-Corker%20Memo%20On%20Modernization%20for%20Republican%20Colleagues.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011).

[54] Gertz, Bill. “Secret talks with Russia focused on missile defense.” Washington Times, Nov 30, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/nov/30/secret-talks-with-russia-focused-on-missile-defens/print/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[55] Miller, George, Anastasio, Michael, Hommert, Paul. “Letter from Miller, Anastasio, Hommert to Kerry and Lugar” Dec 1, 2010. https://lugar.senate.gov/issues/start/pdf/12012010Letters2.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011).

[56] U.S. Department of State, “Missile Defense Cooperation with the Russian Federation.” Dec 1, 2010.https://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/152164.htm (accessed July 15, 2011).

[57] Rogin, Josh. “Kyl demands more information on missile defense as START debate looms.” Foreign Policy, Dec 1, 2010. https://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/12/01/kyl_demands_more_information_on_missile_defense_as_start_debate_looms (accessed July 15, 2011).

[58] The White House, “Obama’s Letter to Senate on Missile Defense and New START.” Dec 18, 2010. https://www.uspolicy.be/headline/obama%E2%80%99s-letter-senate-missile-defense-and-new-start  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[59] Johnson, Bridget, “Russian lawmakers say ‘not so fast’ on START Treaty ratification.” The Hill, December 24, 2010. https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/135041-russian-lawmakers-say-not-so-fast-on-start-treaty-approval-

[60] RT.com, “Parliament approves terms of Russia’s quitting New START.” Jan 14, 2011. https://rt.com/politics/duma-russia-new-start/print/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[61] Gutterman, Steve. “Medvedev signs law ratifying Russia-U.S. arms pact.” Jan 28, 2011. https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/28/us-russia-usa-arms-idUSTRE70R3C920110128 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[62] RT.com, “Russia and U.S. get STARTed.” Feb 5, 2011. https://rt.com/news/russia-us-start-ratified/  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[63] The White House, “Statement of Administration Policy: H.R. 1540 – National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2012.” May 24, 2011. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/legislative/sap/112/saphr1540r_20110524.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011).

[64] Arms Control Association, “START I .” Feb 5, 2011. https://www.armscontrol.org/taxonomy/term/62  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[65] New START Working Group, “New START: Potemkin Village Verification.” The Heritage Foundation , June 24, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/06/New-START-Potemkin-Village-Verification (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 2-3

[66] Gates, Robert M. “The Case for the New START Treaty.” Wall Street Journal, May 13, 2010. https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703339304575240164048611360.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[67] Ibid.

[68] Garamone, Jim. “Gates, Mullen urge Senate to Ratify arms Reduction Treaty.” Joint Chiefs of Staff, June 17, 2010. https://www.jcs.mil/newsarticle.aspx?id=312 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[69] STRATCOMM Commanders, “STRATCOMM Commanders’ Letter to Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations Committees.” July 14, 2010. https://armscontrolcenter.org/assets/pdfs/NewStartTreatyLETTER.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011).

[70] The White House, “Statement from the Vice President on the New START Treaty.” Nov 16, 2010. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/16/statement-vice-president-new-start-treaty  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[71] The White House, “The New START Treaty: “A National Security Imperative”.” Nov 18, 2010. https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/11/18/new-start-treaty-a-national-security-imperative (accessed July 15, 2011).

[72] Editorial, “The New START pact should be passed, not politicized.”  Nov. 19, 2010. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/19/AR2010111906562_pf.html (accessed Sept. 26, 2011)

[73] U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, “Chairman Kerry’s Floor Statement on New START.” Nov 29, 2010. https://foreign.senate.gov/press/chair/release/?id=c40f5f12-9292-4154-9b93-a277d77903bd  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[74] Kissinger, Henry A.; Schultz, George P.; Baker III, James A.; Eagleburger, Lawrence S. “The Republican case for ratifying New START.” Washington Post, Dec 2, 2010. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/01/AR2010120104598.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[75] New START Working Group, “New START: Potemkin Village Verification.” Heritage Foundation, June 24, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/06/New-START-Potemkin-Village-Verification (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 1.

[76] DeSutter, Paula A. “Verification and the New START Treaty.” Heritage Foundation, July 12, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Lecture/Verification-and-the-New-START-Treaty (accessed July 15, 2011).

[77] New START Working Group, “New START: Potemkin Village Verification.” Heritage Foundation, June 24, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/06/New-START-Potemkin-Village-Verification (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 3.

[78] Lake , Eli. “GOP senator cites new intel, won’t back New START.” Washington Times, Nov 22, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/nov/22/gop-senator-cites-new-intel-wont-back-new-start/  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[79] Joseph, Robert; Edelman, Eric. “New START: What’s the Hurry?.” National Review, Sept 14, 2010. https://www.nationalreview.com/articles/246434/new-start-what-s-hurry-robert-joseph?page=1 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[80] Bolton, John R., DeSutter, Paula A. “The illusory verification gap.” Washington Times, Oct 19, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/oct/19/president-obama-and-a-fellow-democrat-sen-john-ker/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[81] Ibid.

[82] The Center for Security Policy, “Bipartisan group of 15 former Senators urge Reid, McConnell to postpone deliberations on New START Treaty” Nov 15, 2010. /p18577.xml (accessed July 15, 2011).

[83] Rogin, Josh. “Incoming GOP senators demand say on New START.” Foreign Policy, Nov 18, 2010. https://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/11/18/incoming_gop_senators_demand_say_on_new_start  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[84] The Center for Security Policy, op cit.

[85] Barry, Ellen. “Putin Sounds Warning on Arms Talks.” New York Times, Dec 29, 2009. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/30/world/europe/30russia.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[86] Baker, Peter. “Twists and Turns on Way to Arms Pact With Russia.” New York Times, Mar 26, 2010. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/27/world/europe/27start.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[87] Ibid.

[88] Kyl, Jon, McCain, John, Lieberman, Joseph “Letter to Gen. James L. Jones.” Foreign Policy, Feb 17, 2010. https://www.foreignpolicy.com/files/fp_uploaded_images/20100217_letter_to_jones_start_fo_missile_defense.pdf

[89] The White House, Office of the Press Secretary,”Key Facts About the New START Treaty”, March 26, 2010. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/key-facts-about-new-start-treaty (accessed Sept. 27 2011)

[90] U.S. Department of State, “Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.” Apr 8, 2010. https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/140035.pdf  (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 10 article 5 section 3.

[91] The New START Working Group. “An Independent Assessment of New START.” Heritage Foundation, Apr 30, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/04/An-Independent-Assessment-of-New-START-Treaty  (accessed July 15, 2011) p. 4. ; see also U.S. Department of State, “Fact Sheet- Ballistic Missile Defense and New START Treaty”, April 21, 2010. https://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/140624.htm (accessed Sept. 27 2011)

[92] U.S. Department of State, “Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.” Apr 8, 2010. https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/140035.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 17.

[93] Ibid

[94] The New START Working Group. “An Independent Assessment of New START.” Heritage Foundation, Apr 30, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/04/An-Independent-Assessment-of-New-START-Treaty  (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 8

[95] Goldsmith, Jack, Rabkin, Jeremy. “New START Treaty could erode Senate’s foreign policy role.” Washington Post, 8/4/2010. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/03/AR2010080304663.html  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[96] Ibid.

[97] U.S. Department of State, “Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.” Apr 8, 2010. https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/140035.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 2.

[98] “Statement by Russian Federation on Missile Defense.” Apr 8, 2010. https://eng.news.kremlin.ru/ref_notes/4 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[99] “Statement by the United States of America Concerning Missile Defense.” Apr 7, 2010. https://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/140184.htm (accessed July 15, 2011).

[100] Groves, Steven. “The “New START” Treaty: Did the Russians Have their Fingers Crossed?” Heritage Foundation, Apr 14, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/04/The-New-START-Treaty-Did-the-Russians-Have-Their-Fingers-Crossed (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 2.

[101] Ibid., p. 2.

[102] Simes, Dimitri. “Is Obama Overselling His Russia Arms Control Deal.” Time, Apr 27, 2010. https://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1984882,00.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[103] Groves, Steven. “President Obama Should Give the Senate Access to the Negotiating History of New START.” Heritage Foundation, June 24, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/06/President-Obama-Should-Give-the-Senate-Access-to-the-Negotiating-History-of-New-START (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 1.

[104] Rogin, Josh. “Clinton Confident on Ratification of New START.” Foreign Policy, Aug 11, 2010. https://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/08/11/clinton_confident_on_ratification_of_new_start  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[105] Groves, Steven. Op cit p. 1.

[106] The Washington Times. “Obama’s START Secrets.” Dec 20, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/20/obamas-start-secrets/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[107] Tauscher, Ellen O., “Special Briefing: New START Treaty and the Obama Administration’s Nonproliferation Agenda” March 29, 2010 https://www.state.gov/t/us/139205.htm (accessed Sept. 27, 2011).

[108] Tauscher, Ellen O., “The Case for New START Ratification”, Remarks at Atlantic Council Panel Discussion, April 21, 2010 https://geneva.usmission.gov/2010/04/22/new-start-ratification/ (accessed Sept. 27, 2011).

[109] Tauscher, Ellen O., “Statement before the Senate Armed Services Committee Hearing on the Nuclear Posture Review”, April 22, 2010 https://armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2010/04%20April/Tauscher%2004-22-10.pdf (accessed Sept. 27, 2011) p. 8.

[110] O’Reilly, Patrick J. “Unclassified Statement of Lieutenant General Patrick J. O’Reilly, Director, Missile Defense Agency, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee .” June 16, 2010. https://www.mda.mil/global/documents/pdf/ps_OReilly16jun10.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 2.

[111] STRATCOMM Commanders, “STRATCOMM Commanders’ Letter to Senate Armed Services and Foreign Relations Committees.” July 14, 2010. https://armscontrolcenter.org/assets/pdfs/NewStartTreatyLETTER.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011).

[112] Gertz, Bill. “Inside the Ring.” Washington Times, June 16, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/jun/16/inside-the-ring-382424672/print/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[113] Gertz, Bill. “Secret Talks with Russia focused on Missile Defense.” Washington Times, Nov 30, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/nov/30/secret-talks-with-russia-focused-on-missile-defens/print/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[114] “Resolution on Advice and Consent to Ratification of the New START Treaty.” Sep 24, 2010. https://foreign.senate.gov/reports/index.cfm?PageNum_rs=2 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[115] Ibid.

[116] “News Headlines.” Oct 29, 2010. https://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=199076 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[117] Spring, Baker. Cohen, Ariel “Russia’s Duma Decision to Delay Consideration of New START: Now the Senate Can Take its Time to Review the Treaty.” Heritage Foundation, Nov 8, 2010. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/11/Russias-Duma-Decision-to-Delay-Consideration-of-New-START (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 1.

[118] Rogin, Josh. “Kyl demands more information on missile defense as START debate looms.” Foreign Policy, Dec 1, 2010. https://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/12/01/kyl_demands_more_information_on_missile_defense_as_start_debate_looms (accessed July 15, 2011).

[119] “Missile Defense Cooperation with the Russian Federation.” Dec 1, 2010. https://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/152164.htm (accessed July 15, 2011).

[120] Obama, Barack. “Obama’s Open Letter to Senate on Missile Defense and New START.” Dec 20, 2010. https://www.uspolicy.be/headline/obama%E2%80%99s-letter-senate-missile-defense-and-new-start  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[121] The Library of Congress, “Treaties 111th Congress (2009-2010) 111-5.” May 13, 2010. https://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ntquery/z?trtys:111TD00005: (accessed July 15, 2011).

[122] Ibid.

[123] Ibid.

[124] Ibid.

[125] Ibid.

[126] Kyrshkin, Yevgeny. “Russia insists on offensive/defensive link in START.” Dec 29, 2010. https://english.ruvr.ru/2010/12/29/38236184.html (accessed Oct. 18, 2011).

[127] Johnson, Bridget. “Russian lawmakers say “not so fast” on START Treaty ratification.” The Hill, Dec 24, 2010. https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/135041-russian-lawmakers-say-not-so-fast-on-start-treaty-approval- (accessed July 15, 2011).

[128] Cohen, Ariel Groves, Steven. “New START: Clarification on Russia’s proposed ratification law needed.” Heritage Foundation, Jan 24, 2011. https://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2011/01/New-START-Clarification-on-Russias-Proposed-Ratification-Law-Needed (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 2.

[129] Kasperowicz, Pete. “Sen. Kyl demands clarification of START Treaty with Russia.” The Hill, Jan 31, 2011. https://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/141305-kyl-demands-clarification-of-new-start-treaty-with-russians (accessed July 15, 2011).

[130] Obama, Barack. “Remarks By President Barack Obama In Prague As Delivered.” Apr 5, 2009. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-President-Barack-Obama-In-Prague-As-Delivered/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[131] Gertz, Bill. “Inside the Ring.” Washington Times, Dec 17, 2009. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/dec/17/inside-the-ring-54103825/print/ (accessed July 15, 2011). See also P.L. 111-84, Section 1251, Oct. 28, 2009 ( https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ84/html/PLAW-111publ84.htm ) (accessed Oct. 18, 2011)

[132] Ibid.

[133] Gertz, Bill. Op. cit.

[134] Department of Defense, “Nuclear Posture Review Report.” April 2010. https://www.defense.gov/npr/docs/2010%20Nuclear%20Posture%20Review%20Report.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 12.

[135] Heinrichs, Rebecca, Obering III, Henry A. “Should the New START Treaty Be a Non-Starter?” FoxNews, June 21, 2010. https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2010/06/21/rebeccah-heinrichs-obama-russia-new-start-treaty-senate-pentagon-gates-clinton/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[136] Gates, Robert M. “The Case for the New START Treaty.” Wall Street Journal, May 13, 2010. https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703339304575240164048611360.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[137] Pincus, Walter. “Nuclear complex upgrades related to START treaty to cost $180 billion”, Washington Post, May 14, 2010 https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/13/AR2010051305031.html (accessed Oct. 7, 2011)

[138] Kyl, Jon. “The New START Treaty: Time for a Careful Look.” Wall Street Journal, July 8, 2010. https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704293604575343360850107760.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[139] Monroe, Robert R. “No new START with Russia.” Washington Times, July 14, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/jul/14/no-new-start-with-russia/ (accessed July 15, 2011).

[140] U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, “Hearings on the New START Treaty.” Apr 29, 2010. https://foreign.senate.gov/reports/index.cfm?PageNum_rs=2 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[141] Kyl, Jon, Corker, Bob. “Memo on Modernization for Republican Congress.” Nov 24, 2010. https://www.armscontrol.org/system/files/20101124%20-%20Kyl-Corker%20Memo%20On%20Modernization%20for%20Republican%20Colleagues.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 3.

[142] November 2010 Update to the National Defense Authorization Act of FY 2010, Section 1251 Report; New START Treaty Framework and Nuclear Force Structure Plans. https://www.lasg.org/CMRR/Sect1251_update_17Nov2010.pdf (accessed Oct. 3, 2011)

[143] Miller, George, Anastasio, Michael, Hommert, Paul. “Letter from Miller, Anastasio, Hommert to Kerry and Lugar” Dec 1, 2010. https://lugar.senate.gov/issues/start/pdf/12012010Letters2.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011).

[144] D’Agostino, Thomas P. “Unprecedented commitment to modernize.” Washington Times, Dec 13, 2010. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/13/unprecedented-commitment-to-modernize/print/  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[145] Kyl, Jon, Corker, Bob. “Memo on Modernization for Republican Congress.” Nov 24, 2010. https://www.armscontrol.org/system/files/20101124%20-%20Kyl-Corker%20Memo%20On%20Modernization%20for%20Republican%20Colleagues.pdf (accessed July 15, 2011). p. 2.

[146] Ibid. p. 4.

[147] Ibid., p. 5

[148] Ibid. p. 5

[149] Corker, Bob. “Senate floor speech in support of the New START Treaty.” Knox news, Dec 22, 2010. https://www.knoxnews.com/news/2010/dec/22/sen-bob-corkers-senate-floor-speech-support-start/?print=1  (accessed July 15, 2011).

[150] Miller, Dr. James N., “Statement before the House Committee on Armed Services, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces”, March 2, 2011 https://armedservices.house.gov/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=10a50d6f-ece1-475f-bb5e-00ab478aefdb (accessed Oct. 11, 2011) p. 9.

[151] House Appropriations Committee, FY 2012 Energy and Water Appropriations Subcommittee Summary Table https://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/6111FY12EnergyandWaterSubcommitteeSummaryTable.pdf (accessed Oct 11, 2011); Senate Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill, 2012 Report, Sept. 11, 2011  https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-112srpt75/pdf/CRPT-112srpt75.pdf (accessed Oct. 14, 2011) p. 98; See also Schneider, Mark. “Nuclear Modernization—The Obama Administration’s Fading Commitment”, The Weekly Standard, Oct. 10, 2011 https://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/nuclear-modernization_594674.html (accessed Oct 11, 2011)

[152] U.S. Senate, 2011. “National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2012” 112th Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 1540

[153] U.S. Senate, 2011. “National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2012” 112th Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 1540

[154] Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President, “Statement of Administration Policy—H.R. 1540 National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2012”,  May 24, 2011 https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/legislative/sap/112/saphr1540r_20110524.pdf (accessed Oct. 6, 2011) p. 2.

[155] Office of Rep. Mike Turner (OH-3), “Despite Veto Threat, Turner’s New START Provisions Remain in House Passed NDAA”, Press Release, May 31, 2011 https://turner.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=243824 (accessed Oct. 6, 2011)

[156] Schneider, op. cit.

[157] Gertz, Bill. “Inside the Ring—Nuclear-Cut Review”, The Washington Times Sept. 21, 2011 https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/sep/21/inside-the-ring-968086205/ (accessed Oct. 3, 2011)

[158] Ibid.

[159] Parrish, Karen. “Mullen Offers 40-year Perspective on Social, Military Issues”, American Forces Press Service, U.S. Department of Defense, Sept. 20, 2011 https://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=65393 (accessed Oct. 3, 2011)

[160] Shaughnessy, Larry. “Panetta picks up where predecessor left off on Pentagon budget cuts”, CNN, Aug. 4, 2011 https://articles.cnn.com/2011-08-04/politics/panetta.briefing_1_defense-cuts-cuts-or-tax-increases-dangerous-cuts?_s=PM:POLITICS (accessed Oct. 4, 2011)

[161] Ibid.

[162] U.S. Senate, “U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 111th Congress – 2nd Session.” Dec 22, 2010. https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=2&vote=00298 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[164] Scott Brown Press Releases, “Scott Brown Supports START Ratification.” Dec 20, 2010. https://scottbrown.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/news?ID=f1ddff30-c0a2-41a5-afff-25d69888fc7f (accessed July 15, 2011).

[165] Thad Cochran Press Releases, “Cochran Statement on New START Treaty Ratification.” Dec 21, 2010. https://cochran.senate.gov/press/pr122110a.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[166] Susan Collins Press Releases, “Senator Collins to Support Ratification of New START Treaty.” Dec 10, 2010. https://collins.senate.gov/public/continue.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=d0ea5317-c1d2-2fec-f00f-124a34838887 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[167] Bob Corker Press Releases, “Corker Outlines Support for New START Treaty, Says It Should Be Called ‘Nuclear Modernization and Missile Defense Act of 2010’.” Dec 22, 2010. https://corker.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=News&ContentRecord_id=d922255a-d264-4654-870c-f107c3d05da4&ContentType_id=b94acc28-404a-4fc6-b143-a9e15bf92da4&Group_id=650e2033-9317-4405-a8df-47cdd1c9d515&MonthDisplay=12&YearDisplay=2010 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[168] Johnny Isakson Press Releases, “Isakson Will Vote to Ratify New START Treaty.” Dec 21, 2010. https://isakson.senate.gov/press/2010/122110newstart.html (accessed July 15, 2011).

[169] Mike Johanns Press Releases, “New START Treaty Passes Senate with Johanns’ Support.” Dec 22, 2010. https://johanns.senate.gov/public/?p=PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=4aef8d8f-f3d0-4ffc-91ba-db8a05b7d959 (accessed July 15, 2011).

[170] Richard G. Lugar Press Releases, “New START Treaty Passes 71-26.” Dec 22, 2010. https://www.lugar.senate.gov/news/record.cfm?id=330103&& (accessed July 15, 2011).

[173]  Rogin, John. “There was no GOP ‘collapse’ on New START.” Foreign Policy, Dec 22, 2010. https://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/12/22/there_was_no_gop_collapse_on_new_start (accessed July 15, 2011).

 

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