U.S. Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century: Getting it Right

21. Melanie Kirkpatrick, “Sounding the Nuclear Alarm,” The Wall Street Journal, 22 November 2008 (https://online.wsj.com/article/SB122731227702749413.html) (accessed 29 May 2008)

22. Anastasio, The Stockpile Stewardship Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory,  op. cit., p. 9

23.  Ibid.

24.  Ibid., p.12

25.  Reducing the Costs of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex, 2009: Hearing Before the House Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development 111^th Cong. 5 (17 March 2009) (statement of Thomas P. D’Agostino, Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S. Department of Energy). https://appropriations.house.gov/Witness_testimony/EW/Thomas_d_Agostino_03_17_09.pdf (accessed 12 June 2009)

26. Ibid., p. 5

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid., p. 9

29. Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture, America’s Strategic Posture (final report), op. cit., p.51

30. Ibid. p. 52-53

31. Ibid. p. 103

32. Gates, Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in the 21^st  Century, op. cit., p. 7

33. Ibid., p. 6

34. Chilton, Opening Statement, Senate Armed Services Committee, op. cit., p.9 (12 March 2008)

35. Ibid.

36. D’Agostino, Reducing the Cost of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex, op. cit. (17 March 2009)

37. Anastasio, The Stockpile Stewardship Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory, op. cit., p. 12

38. The New Deterrent Working Group, Towards a New Deterrent, op. cit.

39. D’Agostino, Reducing the Cost of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex, op. cit. (17 March 2009)

40. U.S. Department of Energy, Department of Defense, National Security and Nuclear Weapons in the 21^st  Century, op. cit., p. 8

41.  Ibid.

42. Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, “Interim Report” December 15, 2008, p. 10 https://www.usip.org/strategic_posture/sprc_interim_report.pdf  (accessed 14 April 2009)

43.  Hearing Before the Senate Committee on Armed Services, 111 th Cong. 7 (19 March 2009) (statement Of General Kevin P. Chilton, Commander, United States Strategic Command). https://armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2009/March/Chilton%2003-19-09.pdf (accessed 12 June 2009)

44. New Deterrent Working Group, Towards a New Deterrent, op. cit. THE NEW DETERRENT WORKING GROUP  65

45. Thom Shanker and David E. Sanger.  “Pakistan is Rapidly Adding Nuclear Arms, U.S. Says,”  The New York Times, May 18, 2009.  Available on-line at https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/18/world/asia/18nuke.html?_r=1&sq=pakistan&st=cse&scp=2&pagewanted=print  (accessed 22 May 2009)

46. John R. Bolton, “The Taliban’s Atomic Threat,” The Wall Street Journal, 2 May 2009 https://online.wsj.com/article/SB124121967978578985.html (accessed 5 May 2009)

47.  Ibid.

48. New Deterrent Working Group, Towards a New Deterrent, op. cit.

49. Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States,  America’s Strategic Posture (final report), op. cit.,  p.98

50.  Ibid.

51.  Ibid.

52.  Ibid. p. 100

53.  Ibid. p. xvii

54. Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, Interim Report, op. cit., p. 8-9

55.  Ibid. p. 5

56.  Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, America’s Strategic Posture (final report), op. cit.  p. 101

57. Chilton, Opening Statement, Senate Armed Services Committee , op. cit. p. 7 (19 March, 2009)

58.  Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Strategic Forces of the House Committee on Armed Services, 110 th Cong. (27 February 2008) (statement of Thomas P. D’Agostino, Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration U.S. Department of Energy) https://nnsa.energy.gov/news/1799.htm. (accessed 22 May 2009)

59. New Deterrent Working Group, Towards a New Deterrent, op. cit.

60.  Ibid.

61. Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, Interim Report, op. cit., p. 10-11

62.  Ibid. p. 11

63.  Ibid. p. 9

64. Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, America’s Strategic Posture (final report), op. cit.,  p.101

65. Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, Interim Report op. cit. p. 8

66.  Ibid., pp. 8-9

67. Gates, Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in the 21^st  Century, op. cit., p. 7

68. Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, America’s Strategic Posture (final report), op. cit., p. 43

69. Gates, Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in the 21^st  Century, op. cit., p. 5

70. Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, America’s Strategic Posture (final report), op. cit., p. 39

71. Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, Interim Report, op. cit., p. 7

72. Gates,  Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in the 21^st Century, op. cit., p. 7

73. General Kevin P. Chilton Commander, STRATCOM , Address at the Strategic Weapons in the 21st

Century Conference (31 January 2008), https://www.lanl.gov/conferences/sw/docs/chilton-speech-SW21-31Jan08.pdf, p.6 (accessed 22 May 2009)

74.  Ibid.

75. D’Agostino, Testimony on ‘U.S. Strategic Posture’ Before House Armed Services Subcommittee, op. cit. (27 February, 2008)